The UK's leading manufacturer of custom designed Plastic Tanks and chemical plant in plastics materials
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The UK's leading manufacturer of custom designed Plastic Tanks and chemical plant in plastics materials |
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| Forbes Group Product Sections |
Advantages of HDPE TanksThe important differences between Forbes™ range of large tanks manufactured from PE100 HD Polyethylene, polymer, and Rotational moulded TanksThere are several important areas where Forbes™ range of Chemical Storage Tanks manufactured from chemical grade PE100 - HD differ from Rotationally moulded tanks moulded from PE-LLD or linear PE-MD/HD. Polymer Resin Structure Basically, the structure of the types of polymer are very different. As the resins for rota-moulding need to be of low viscosity (?water like? when melted) to enable the moulding process to work without pressure, the material properties are always limited by the maximum possible molecular weight. On the other hand, PE100 grade resins have a much higher molecular weight, which requires high pressure production techniques to convert into products. Therefore, there are many more options for the basic molecular structure, as a much wider range of molecular weights of the polymer can be tolerated by extrusion or press moulding techniques. Production of the tankRota-moulding requires a polymer with low viscosity, because it is impossible to apply a pressure on the melt during the fabrication process. The natural thermal shrinkage for instance cannot be compensated and might therefore result in voids in thicker walls. The control on different areas of required wall thicknesses during rota-moulding if often difficult to maintain. Extrusion & high pressure moulding techniques used in materials for the fabrication of tanks are produced with high pressure processes ? voids do not existing. This also guarantees consistent properties within the material. Ability to design to a known Life (see graph below) View Graph All plastics that are subject to stress will age with time. Stress is automatically produced when filled with liquid. This requires that tanks holding dangerous chemicals are manufactured from materials whose ageing behaviour has been accurately determined from long-term testing. For High Density Polyethylene 100 grades, long-term pipe pressure tests have been performed and extrapolated according to the international Standard ISO/TR 9080. The results (referred to in DVS 2205 and EN 12573) allow engineers to design to a known working life with confidence. In comparison, there is virtually no such long-term test data available for the rota moulding polymers used in the manufacture of rota-moulded tanks; only single-spot hoop tests have been made. Based on that, rota-moulded polymers will never reach any MRS-strength similar to PE-100; for instance, at 40?C with a hoop stress of 6 MPa, rota-moulded materials may reach 13.000 hours ¹ , whilst PE-HD/ PE-100 has a design time of 200.000 hours at the same parameters. The higher hoop stress resistant grade, PE -100 is resistant to this stress due to chemical thermal ageing thus a design life of 50 years is possible. Further critical information such as creep strength, long-term elastic modulus and the very important allowable hoop stresses are simply unavailable to the design engineer. Therefore, it is not possible for a rota-moulded tank to be designed to a known life since the basic behaviour of the material with time is not currently accurately known. Material PropertiesThe primary difference between the high density polyethylene used for manufacture of tanks & pipes, and the Polyethylene used for Rota-moulding, is in the length of the ethylene molecules that make up each material. PE-100 used for tanks and/or pressure pipes has a molecular weight of about 300.000 g/mole whilst the Polyethylene utilized in the rota-moulding process, typically PE-LLD, have a molecular weight from 50,000 ? 100,000. That is, the PE-HD PE-100 - molecules are up to six times longer! This extra length allows the molecules to create more ?knots and links? between them, increasing the toughness, creep resistance, and stress cracking resistance whilst retaining an optimum level of crystalinity to also provide a high tensile strength and stiffness. Environmental Stress Cracking Resistance (ESCR)(see graph below) View Graph Over time, corrosive chemicals attack at the micro-cracks in any polymer surface. The degree to which this is resisted by the polymer depends on several factors, however, it has been shown via independent tests that PE-HD polymers have far superior ESC resistance compared to those resins used for rota-moulding. This is reflected in the different standards that are employed to measure ESCR for pipe grade and rota-moulded Polyethylene materials. For PE 100 (pipe grade PE-HD) polymer the requirement is for a specimen immersed in surfactant at a temperature of 80deg C to sustain a full load of 4MPa for 1000 hours (Test standard: EN 12814-3). At present there is no requirement or standardisation currently in being for the ESCR of rota-moulded polymers, Initial discussions for a possible EN standard give a requirement of 15 hours at only 60?C this being considered to be at the top end. At 80?C, test results are obviously much lower (1 to 10 hours). The different requirements reflect the difference in capabilities of the materials. Design CodesThe Pre-eminent Design codes for fabricated thermoplastic Chemical vessels are the DVS2205 (a German Merkblatt guideline available in English) and the less demanding EN12573. Both codes are internationally accepted as state of the art for thermoplastic chemical tank design. They provide detailed design procedures taking into account long-term hoop stress, wind-loading (only DVS, not EN 12537), nozzles, manholes, temperature effects up to 60deg, and stress concentration factors. In comparison, today?s rota-moulding design standards provide only very limited calculations in the whole document to calculate the wall thickness. Effects such as temperature influence, long term creep, chemical ageing of the polymer etc are not considered at all because, as stated before, there isn?t the data to support it and the materials are known to have far inferior performance as outlined above. Safety of ConnectionsVirtually all PE pipe and pipe fittings in Europe are manufactured from High Density Polyethylene, mostly PE 100. This creates a problem when connecting to a Rota-moulded PE tanks made from Rota-moulding polymers. The most common practice is to weld the PE-HD pipe fitting to the rota-moulded tank wall. This leads to inevitable and well documented failures. The two materials are effectively different molecular structure, the melt viscosity of rota-moulded polymer is much lower (i.e. more water like when molten). Thus, the welds are highly susceptible to cracking, especially when exposed to oxidizing chemicals. There is no similar problem when welding PE-HD/PE 100 pipe to an PE-HD/PE 100 tank as they are the same material providing optimum weld strength and a life equivalent to the tank. ¹ based on the proposed hoop stress curve for rota-moulded resins; EN-Standardization. |
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| Ancillary Services |
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| Bulk Tank Vent Scrubbers An economical range of standard bulk tank vent scrubbing systems designed to minimise environmental nuisance from the static storage and handling of fuming chemicals. The SB2 range is designed for pumped discharges and static storage only. The SB4 range is designed for pumped discharges and static storage - particularly for Ammonia applications. The SB30 range is designed for pressurised tanker deliveries and static storage. Typical applications include hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid and ammonia. Each scrubber model is available either as a 'once through' type where water is used as the scrubbing liquor - producing dilute solutions which may in some instances be disposed of through the site drainage system subject to the normal approvals. The alternative recirculation type scrubbers (suffixed with the letter R) incorporate an integral sump tank with recirculation pump, facilitating the use of neutralizing solutions as scrubbing liquors (e.g. caustic for hydrochloric acid fumes). The scrubbing liquor needs regular monitoring and careful disposal. All Forbes fume scrubbers are light and easy to install. Construction is almost entirely from plastics materials which are corrosion-free and require virtually no maintenance. Standard recirculation units are fitted with magnetic drive, seal-less, low maintenance pumps. Each scrubber unit is issued with a comprehensive installation, operation and maintenance manual. All scrubbers can be supplied with a control timer unit to intermittently activate the scrubbing liquor circulation to keep the scrubbing media wetted during static storage conditions. Please click on the relevant thumbnail below for specific details of each of the Bulk Tank Vent Scrubber ranges. |
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| Bulk Tank Vent Scrubbers Leaflet Standard systems designed to minimise environmental nuisance from the storage and handling of fuming chemicals. These scrubbers are most often used to counter the release of fumes during the storage and handling of ammonia and hydrochloric acid. These standard models are adaptable for other applications and we can supply custom-designed scrubbers.... |
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| SB2 Model Vent Scrubber These scrubbers are designed particularly for scrubbing the fumes vented during static storage and pumped discharge, the SB2 is NOT intended to handle the high volume of fumes produced during deliveries above 7 PSI from air pressure tanker discharge or pressurised ?Flo-bin? system. These standard models are adaptable for other applications - please discuss your requirements with us. |
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| SB30 Model Vent Scrubber Applying high efficiency technology these scrubbers are designed to cope with the surge of 'pad air' at the end of a large volume pressurised tanker deliveries up to 30 PSI. |
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| SB4 Model Vent Scrubber These scrubbers are designed especially for scrubbing the fumes vented during static storage and pumped or pressurised ?Flo-bin? (IBC) pump-over type deliveries, the SB4 is NOT intended to handle the high volume of fumes produced during deliveries above 15 PSI from air pressure tanker discharge. These standard models are adaptable for other applications - please discuss your requirements with us. |
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| Carasol® Adsorbtion Units Versatile Technology for Fume and Odour Control CARASOL? adsorbents are a range of natural, harmless but potent granular materials produced from waste derived from the food industry. They are very versatile, able to scrub a wide variety of volatile contaminants and are clean and easy to dispose of after use and have the added advantage of impeccable environmental credentials. Fumes and odours from industrial processes are increasingly unacceptable in areas adjacent to residential and leisure spaces, and those responsible for emissions face stringent responses from the authorities if they do not take effective steps towards control and remediation. There is already a wide range of technologies available to system designers, mostly with trade-offs in effectiveness, environmental acceptability, capital costs, running expenses and ease of use. Carafiltration Ltd has a strong association with the University of York and over the last 4 years has developed CARASOL? as a range of filter mediums. They are delighted to team up with Forbes as Process Engineers to provide a versatile, cost effective approach to fume and odour control. CARASOL? is able to trap a very wide variety of different contaminating molecules by virtue of a unique combination of both physical (physisorptive) and biochemical (chemisorptive) trapping. These two mechanisms work in synergy to provide a very efficient and versatile trapping process. The raw material for CARASOL? granular adsorbent is a clean waste residue from a specific food manufacturing process and is classed as a renewable resource. The adsorbents are completely biodegradable and biocompatible with landfill. Spent CARASOL? may also be incinerated at high temperatures if it has been used to trap very toxic molecules such as dioxins. The versatility of CARASOL? embraces acid gases, oxides of sulphur, mercaptans, hydrogen sulphide, dimethyl sulphoxide, dioxins, HCI/HF, VOCs and volatile metals. Because of the duel trapping mechanisms involved CARASOL? will trap both water-soluble and fat-soluble gaseous contaminants. Please click on the thumbnail below to download our Environmental Technologies brochure. |
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| Enviromental Technologies Leaflet Our work in environmental fields is centred on the applicaton of mass transfer technology applied to the abatement of air and water-borne pollution. From the process design by our chemical engineering team through manufacture, installation and commissioning we are always conscious of the need to work to the highest standards... |
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| Versatile Technology for Fume and Odour Control Leaflet CARASOL® adsorbents are a range of natural, harmless but potent granular materials produced fromwaste derived from the food industry. They are very versatile, able to scrub a wide variety of volatile contaminants and are clean and easy to dispose of after use and have the added advantagefo impeccable environmental credentials... |
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| Carbon Adsorbtion Solvents, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other contaminants in the liquids or gas phase can be adsorbed onto activated carbon. The principle of adsorption is based on the highly porous structure of the granular carbon. Each gramme of activated carbon may typically have a total surface area, including all its internal pore structure, in excess of 1000m2. Contaminants are removed from the gas or liquid stream by the process of physical adsorption. Contaminant removal efficiencies are dependant on the nature of the contaminant, the carbon type, initial levels of contamination and gas flow rates. When a carbon bed is saturated with the contaminant the material would normally be removed and exchanged for new material and the exhausted carbon either disposed of or reactivated by the carbon supplier. In certain applications in-situ regeneration can be undertaken a number of times by flooding the carbon bed with a chemical reagent. The carbon will, however, eventually become ?poisoned? by contaminants and need replacement. Carbon adsorption is highly efficient and achieves high levels of removal, especially with VOCs and odours. However with large flows it may prove uneconomical. A useful procedure is to combine the economy of wet scrubbing or stripping with a subsequent ?polish? with activated carbon. The packed tower will remove the bulk of the contaminant while the final fraction ? plus stray components not scrubbed or stripped ? can then be adsorbed without prematurely exhausting the rather costly carbon bed. Operating conditions and humidity levels are critical for carbon adsorption but the technique will usually accommodate variable flows. An economical approach to larger or variable throughputs is to design an adsorption unit with two or more beds operating in parallel. Please click on the thumbnail below to download our Environmental Technologies brochure. |
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| Enviromental Technologies Leaflet Our work in environmental fields is centred on the applicaton of mass transfer technology applied to the abatement of air and water-borne pollution. From the process design by our chemical engineering team through manufacture, installation and commissioning we are always conscious of the need to work to the highest standards... |
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| Degassing Towers A standard range of CO2 Degassing systems designed to reduce dissolved CO2 economically with proven technology. Forbes Degassers operate on the principal of passing the water to be treated over a large surface area whilst blowing air against the flow. The resultant mass transfer of gas at the interface of the water and air removes the acid forming carbon dioxide. Forbes process design is accomplished with the company?s own dedicated suite of software backed by substantial resources of knowledge and experience. A design life of 20 years is achieved by the use of high quality plastics throughout the construction. Provided that water and air supplies are free from solid impurities, Forbes Degassers normally require no maintenance other than regular external inspection. Where practical, fans are sited at low level for ease of inspection and access to filters, if fitted. Years of trouble free performance in the field have proven the essential reliability of Forbes Degassers. Corrosion free construction; simplicity of installation and setting up; dependable automatic controls ? all contribute to long, trouble free performance. Forbes standard ?FD? range covers flowrates from 4 M3/hour to 200 M3/hour. The units comprise a packed tower and integral sump with fan mounted. The sump is sized to give approximately 2 minutes retention time at the maximum flow. Non standard designs are also available for water flows up to 1000 M3/hour as well as special designs (split flows, dual duty, heavy CO2 loads etc.). To enable us to evaluate your requirements and prepare a quotation, we will need the following information: ? Maximum & minimum water flow rate in M3/hr ? Maximum expected CO2 content (if more than 200 ppm) ? Anticipated water supply temperature ? Details of any possible solids content Please click on the relevant thumbnail below for specific details of our standard ?FD? CO2 degasser range. |
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| CO² Degassers Forbes Degassers are well proven as an efficient, reliable and cost-effective approach to reducing the problem of dissolved CO² during water treatment. This installation, on the roof of an existing pump house at Mid Kent Water's Detling plant near Maidstone saved substantial ongoing costs for caustic dosing - caustic consumption was reduced by 80%. The twin towers were fabricated from Celmar/GRP dual laminate and are light enough not to affect the structure of the existing building. The towers look impressively large close to but part of Forbes design brief was to limit their overall height to minimise the visual impact in the suburban location. |
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| CO² Degassers Leaflet Forbes Degassers are well proven as an efficient, reliable and cost-effective approach to reducing the problem of dissolved CO² during water treatment... |
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| CO² Degassers Case History This installation on the roof of an existing pump house at Mid Kent Water?s Detling plant near Maidstone saved substantial ongoing costs for caustic dosing ? caustic consumption was reduced by 80%. The twin towers were fabricated from Celmar/GRP dual laminate and are light enough not to affect the structure of the existing buildings. The towers look impressively large close to but part of Forbes design brief was to limit their overall height to minimise the visual impact in the suburban location. The relatively light weight of plastics materials minimises transport costs and standard FD units are available export packed. Their modular construction also facilitates handling and installation and no special equipment is needed to assemble the components. |
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| Dual Laminate Tanks ?Dual laminate? tank technology is now accepted as standard in virtually every industry ? from chemicals to food and water, microelectronics and offshore oil and gas. Forbes manufacture dual laminate storage tanks in various materials from 200 to 200,000 litres capacity. All our products are custom designed and manufactured but where appropriate we suggest the use of a standard design to minimise costs and lead times. Dual laminate GRP combines the outstanding strength of GRP with the high chemical resistance of a thermoplastics inner shell. Design is not limited to available moulds or mandrels, custom sizes and shapes can be produced to suit the requirements of your application precisely. Forbes are equipped to manufacture using a wide range of available thermoplastic inner shell materials allowing extreme operating conditions to be accommodated: PP (polypropylene)(Celmar?) is the material of choice for a vast range of applications. It has superb chemical resistance and a higher operating temperature than polyethylene. It is free from taint or toxicity, is highly cost-effective, and has gained widespread acceptance across many industries. HDPE has in practice been superseded by PP for Dual Laminate construction. There is no price advantage and HDPE is mechanically inferior and less suitable for higher temperature applications. UPVC (unplasticised polyvinyl chloride) is used in particular applications for its resistance to strong oxidising and reducing chemicals, especially chlorine based compounds. PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) and ECTFE (ethylene and chloro-trifluoroethylene copolymer) are exceptionally high performance materials especially resistant to aggressive chemicals at higher temperatures. We will always endeavour to recommend the most cost effective solution to your requirements. All Forbes dual laminate products are designed and constructed to comply with BS4994:1987 - THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF VESSELS AND TANKS IN GLASS REINFORCED PLASTICS BS4994 covers the design, manufacture, transport and installation of tanks and vessels in GRP (glass fibre reinforced plastic) materials. It is a very thorough and stringent standard but DOES NOT cover any aspect of the manufacture of tanks in other materials such as metals or freestanding thermoplastics. Forbes standard SDL range of tanks offer superb value for money. They are hand fabricated using GRP with any of the above thermoplastic inner shell materials Please click on the relevant thumbnail below for specific details of the SDL range. |
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| Dual Laminates Leaflet "Dual Laminate" GRP combines the outstanding strength of GRP with the high chemical resistance of a thermoplastics inner shell. |
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| SDL Range - Flat bottomed tanks Designed for the most economical use of materials, the Forbes SDL range of preferred sizes offers flat bottomed tanks from 10,000 to 100,000 litres capacity. Alternative larger tanks up to 200M? capacity and non standard sizes are also available). PLEASE ASK US TO QUOTE AGAINST YOUR SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS. |
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| DWI Requirements We have for many years supplied the water industry with a wide range of high specification products, including storage tanks for water, sludge, effluent and chemicals, dosing tanks, salt saturators, fume and odour scrubbing systems and stripping towers in plastics materials. The full implementation of Regulation 25 of the Water Supply (Water Regulations) Now Regulation 31 in England and Wales, Regulation 27 in Scotland requires Water Undertakers to provide proof to the Drinking Water Inspectorate that their equipment complies with very demanding criteria. To meet this criteria Forbes have developed product ranges especially for the water industry. These products have received full product approval by the Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and Regions to the requirements of Regulation 25(1)(a) of the Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 1989 under the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI Requirements). These ranges of approved products are recognised by the names ?LION? ?LYNX? & ?CHEETAH?. All approved products are listed in the latest edition of the ?List of Products and Processes Approved Under Regulations 25 and 26 For Use In Connection With The Supply of Water For Drinking, Washing, Cooking and Food Production Purposes? - (December 2003) as issued by the Committee on Products and Processes for Use in Public Water Supply. A copy is available electronically in Adobe .PDF format direct from the DWI website at: http://www.dwi.gov.uk/cpp/pagea.htm |
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| Products Complying with Regulation 25(1)a (Now Regulation 31) The Forbes Group has for many years supplied the water industry with a wide range of high specification products, including storage tanks for watr, sludge, effluent and chemicals, dosing tanks, salt saturators, fume and odour scrubbing systems and stripping towers in plastics materials. Even with our long track record in making products to WRAS specifications, the introduction of the new Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations means having to meet even higher standards. |
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| Environmental Technologies With over 40 years experience, coupled with up to the minute technologies>> • Whether large or small • In a variety of materials from low cost polypropylene to sophisticated flurocarbons • FORBES can offer the most cost effective solutions to your environmental problems. For example - vent gas scrubbers at ?950 or a complete turnkey project at ?1/2 million.? If you are environmental engineering contractors or an end user, Forbes will join with you as a suppportive contractor helping you to maximise your profit. Forbes can design, manufacture, install, commission & maintain: • Wet scrubber systems for gas & odour abatement • Small vent scrubbers for HCL, ammonia & other fuming or noxious chemical storage tanks. • V O C removal from ground water by air stripping • Low cost CO² degassers including a low cost standard range • Odour & V O C removal by activated carbon and the latest bio degradable adsorbent media. |
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| For the Technically Minded |
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| GRP Tanks, Vessels & Silos GRP tank technology is now accepted as standard in virtually every industry ? from chemicals to food and water, microelectronics and offshore oil and gas. The available sizes for these standard tanks is from 5000 to 160,000 litres capacity and from 2000 to 4111mm internal diameter (to suit standard mandrels). Forbes are able to manufacture this range of GRP storage tanks using a variety of different specification materials selected for the appropriate chemical resistance. We will always endeavour to recommend the most cost effective solution to your requirements. Filament winding manufacturing techniques do not produce the ideal glass/resin ratio for process plant applications therefore, Forbes invested in a massive installation for the production of cylindrical GRP shells by the ?chop-hoop? winding process. Automated controls constantly monitor the rate of deposition of both glass and resin and provide detailed quality records. The laminate is particularly strong and economical and combines the advantages of winding and spraying techniques, notably considerable multidirectional strength and enhanced inter-laminar shear when compared to filament winding. All Forbes GRP tank products are designed and constructed to comply with BS4994:1987 - THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF VESSELS AND TANKS IN GLASS REINFORCED PLASTICS BS4994 covers the design, manufacture, transport and installation of tanks and vessels in GRP (glass fibre reinforced plastic) materials. It is a very thorough and stringent standard but DOES NOT cover any aspect of the manufacture of tanks in other materials such as metals or freestanding thermoplastics. Where necessary, tanks will be post-cured in accordance with the resin manufacturers specifications to ensure optimum physical and chemical properties in order to achieve maximum performance from the laminates. Our massive post-curing oven, fitted with a calibrated chart recorder, is over 5 metres in diameter and 13 metres long. It is capable of sustaining temperatures in excess of 100 0C over long periods. Forbes standard PVT range of tanks offer superb value for money. Semi automated manufacturing techniques ensure low cost competitive products. Please click on the relevant thumbnail below for specific details of the PVT ranges. |
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| GRP PCS Range • One Piece body with a smooth interior assures complete emptying • Smooth knuckle with no internal crevices A superb standard range of high performance silos made from glass reinforced plastics (GRP) using up-to-the-minute 'chop hoop' filament winding technology. Very strong and light, these silos are completely corrosion-free and will give many years of service without maintenance. All steelwork is hot-dip galvanised. As the UK's leading manufacturer of standard GRP silos, Forbes experience is unrivalled. Forbes glassfibre silos can be produced in a variety of high performance resin and glass systems to meet the most exacting requirements. Typical applications include sugar, PVD salt, animal feeds, fertilisers, soap nodules and flaked chemicals - although the standard silo design can be adapted to suit practically any bulk product application. Forbes silos have an innovative filling system which allows fast, uniform loading and complete filling to specified capacity. The special design of the system can help to reduce particle separation and dust generation in some applications. The translucent wall of the silos allows contents to be checked at a glance from ground level against the integral calibration markings. |
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| PVT Range - Series 2 Designed for the most economical use of materials, the Forbes PVT Series 2 range offers flat bottomed tanks from 5,000 to 20,000 litres capacity with an internal diameter of 2000mm. Alternative larger sizes up to 160,000 litres capacity are also available). PVT TANKS CAN BE SUPPLIED IN A HORIZONTAL CONFIGURATION - A MORE EXPENSIVE OPTION PLEASE ASK US TO QUOTE AGAINST YOUR SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS. |
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| PVT Range - Series 2.4 Designed for the most economical use of materials, the Forbes PVT Series 2.4 range offers flat bottomed tanks from 10,000 to 30,000 litres capacity with an internal diameter of 2400mm. Alternative larger sizes up to 160,000 litres capacity are also available). PLEASE ASK US TO QUOTE AGAINST YOUR SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS. |
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| PVT Range - Series 3 Designed for the most economical use of materials, the Forbes PVT Series 3 range offers flat bottomed tanks from 20,000 to 60,000 litres capacity with an internal diameter of 3050mm. Alternative larger sizes up to 160,000 litres capacity are also available). PLEASE ASK US TO QUOTE AGAINST YOUR SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS. |
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| PVT Range - Series 3.5 Designed for the most economical use of materials, the Forbes PVT Series 3.5 range offers flat bottomed tanks from 30,000 to 100,000 litres capacity with an internal diameter of 3500mm. Alternative larger sizes up to 160,000 litres capacity are also available). PLEASE ASK US TO QUOTE AGAINST YOUR SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS. |
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| PVT Range - Series 4 Designed for the most economical use of materials, the Forbes PVT Series 4 range offers flat bottomed tanks from 50,000 to 160,000 litres capacity with an internal diameter of 4111mm. |
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| Tanks, Vessels & Silos Leaflet Although light and easy to handle, the substantial strength achievable with GRP permits structures to be designed with integral steelwork such as ladders, handrailing, platforms and bridges... |
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| Minibulk® Systems Drums and carboys are an inconvenient, risky and expensive way to transport and store hazardous chemicals and in some circumstances do not comply with legislation on manual handling (Manual Handling Regulations - 1992) Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) can prove a practical option but their benefits are compromised both by restrictions on handling large volumes of dangerous chemicals by forklift truck (Management of Health and Safety at work Regulations 1992) and by the nuisance and expense of deposits and rentals. MINIBULK® systems allow users to take delivery by low pressure discharge (up to 14psi) from tankers or lorry-mounted IBCs with the minimum of danger and with no rental or cleaning charges. Employee health is, more than ever, a high priority and MINIBULK® systems remove the dangers associated with manual lifting, reduce opportunities for exposure to chemicals to a minimum and provide the assurance of bunded ?total containment?. Major chemical suppliers offer guidelines regarding the safe storage and handling of their products ? Forbes works closely with these companies to ensure that MINIBULK® systems satisfy their recommendations. By standardising designs around the economical use of materials, manufacturing costs are minimised. Standard features and optional equipment are listed on pages 3 and 7 of our product literature. Every MINIBULK® system is designed for its specified application. those of thermoplastic construction will usually be black to protect the contents from the effects of UV light. The success of the MINIBULK® concept for the storage of bulk chemicals in quantities up to 8,000 litres inspired the intorduction of a further range to accommodate bulk tanker deliveries by high pressure discharge (up to 30psi). Offering tank capacities from 10,000 litres to 30,000 litres, the MINIBULK® PLUS range is available in 6 standard sizes - all supplied complete with safety bund and associated pipework. MINIBULK® PLUS systems are available with the full range of MINIBULK optional equipment. MINIBULK® PLUS storage tanks are invariably designed to BS4994:1987 using a thermoplastic/GRP dual laminate with a polypropylene, UPVC or PVDF inner shell or chop hoop wound GRP as appropriate to the specified duty. Both the tank and its integral bund, fabricated in chop-hoop wound GRP or dual laminate, are externally pigmented to customer specification from the BS4800 range. Please click on the relevant thumbnail below for specific details of each of the MINIBULK® and MINIBULK® PLUS |
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| MiniBulk® Chemical Storage Systems Leaflet MINIBULK® systems allow users to take delivery by low pressure discharge (up to 14 psi) from tankers or lorry-mounted IBCs with the minimum of danger and with no rental or cleaning charges... |
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| MiniBulk® Plus Every MINIBULK? PLUS system is designed for its specified application. Virtually any liquid can be stored safely in a Forbes MINIBULK? PLUS system - Please contact us with your application. The success of the MINIBULK? concept for the storage of bulk chemicals in capacities up to 8,000 litres inspired the introduction of a further range to accommodate bulk tanker deliveries by high pressure discharge (up to 30psi). Offering tank capacities from 10,000 litres to 30,000 litres, the MINIBULK? PLUS range is available in 6 standard sizes - all supplied complete with safety bund and associated pipework. MINIBULK? PLUS systems are available with the same full range of optional equipment. Non standard sizes are available on request. Alternative larger systems up to 50M3 capacity are also available - please ask us to quote against your specific requirements. |
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| Minibulk® Storage Tank Every MINIBULK? system is designed for its specified application. those of thermoplastic construction will usually be black to protect the contents from the effects of UV light. Virtually any liquid can be stored safely in a Forbes MINIBULK? system - Please contact us with your application. Offering tank capacities from 1,500 litres to 8,000 litres, the MINIBULK? range is available in 8 standard sizes - all supplied complete with safety bund and associated pipework. Non standard sizes are available on request - please ask us to quote against your specific requirements. Forbes Quality Plastic Tanks. |
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| Pipework Forbes fully trained and widely experienced site work engineers are all qualified by EDETA and carry with the latest CCNSG Safety Passports. We regularly work with all of the most common thermoplastics (Polypropylene, HDPE, UPVC & PVDF) as well as with carbon steel and Aluminium. Pipework installations are generally associated with the supply and installation of our tank or fume scrubbing equipment and range from a simple extended inlet pipe to a full factory ring main installation. Our teams in the field are supported by dedicated managers who automatically produce the necessary risk assessments and method statements as an integral part of the service. Please talk to Forbes for expert advice and assistance with any aspect of your installation or to arrange a free no obligation consultation at your site. |
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| Salt Saturators Brine is needed in many industries including Water Treatment, Food & Chemicals. Forbes salt saturators provide a continuous controllable supply of saturated brine solution. They are fabricated on advanced, largely automated, machinery using GRP materials fully approved to the stringent requirements of the Water Research Council (WRc). Each Forbes Salt Saturator system is supplied as a package including storage tank, lifting lugs, top access manway, side access manway with level window, full height visual level indication strip in vessel wall, air vent, overflow, outlet with brine collection system, PDV salt inlet with aluminium pipe and tanker connection, water inlet with float controlled valve & dual layer gravel bed...... ...... in fact everything required for the production of a constant supply of brine - except of course Water and PDV salt! Forbes manufactures a wide range of standard Salt Saturators designed to suit most customer requirements. These range from 100 Kgs recharge up to 130 tonnes salt recharge capacity. 2.4 Series: 2400mm diameter (range of 7 - 18 tonnes salt capacity) 3.0 Series: 3050mm diameter (range of 10 - 40 tonnes salt capacity) 3.5 Series: 3500mm diameter (range of 30 - 100 tonnes salt capacity) 4.0 Series: 4111mm diameter (range of 40 - 130 tonnes salt capacity) Various options are available including salt dust control, level switches etc. Please click on the relevant thumbnail below for specific details of each of the Salt Saturator ranges. |
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| Salt Saturator 2.4 Series Unlike most of our competitors, Forbes standard range of salt saturators have been sized to have a reasonable normal operating water head pressure while also allowing for the increase in the normal water level caused by displacement after a full recharge of salt. The 2.4 Series Saturators will provide a continuous supply of saturated brine of up to 2400 litres per hour with short term peak demands of 3500 litres per hour available. |
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| Salt Saturator 3.0 Series Unlike most of our competitors, Forbes standard range of salt saturators have been sized to have a reasonable normal operating water head pressure while also allowing for the increase in the normal water level caused by displacement after a full recharge of salt. The 3.0 Series Saturators will provide a continuous supply of saturated brine of up to 3700 litres per hour with short term peak demands of 5500 litres per hour available. |
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| Salt Saturator 3.5 Series Unlike most of our competitors, Forbes standard range of salt saturators have been sized to have a reasonable normal operating water head pressure while also allowing for the increase in the normal water level caused by displacement after a full recharge of salt. The 3.5 Series Saturators will provide a continuous supply of saturated brine of up to 4900 litres per hour with short term peak demands of 7200 litres per hour available. |
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| Salt Saturator 4.0 Series Unlike most of our competitors, Forbes standard range of salt saturators have been sized to have a reasonable normal operating water head pressure while also allowing for the increase in the normal water level caused by displacement after a full recharge of salt. The 4.0 Series Saturators will provide a continuous supply of saturated brine of up to 6800 litres per hour with short term peak demands of 9500 litres per hour available. |
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| Salt Saturators Leaflet Forbes salt saturators provide a constant controllable supply of saturated brine solution. They are fabricated on advanced, largely automatic, machinery using GRP materials fully approved tothe stringent requirements of the Water Research Council (Wrc)... |
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| Sectional Tanks Forbes ranges of traditional one-piece tanks are now complemented with a high quality, affordable, easy to install and maintain, sectional tank system. The one metre square panels are produced by low pressure GRP moulding techniques which results in an exceptionally robust and long lasting product with outstanding mechanical strength and impact resistance. Whilst most sectional tank applications are for straightforward water storage, it is also possible to use the system to build othe pieces of equipment where space or access constraints make the use of conventional one piece constructions impossible. The resin system used gives good resistance to a number of aggressive liquids. We are always pleased to discuss unusual applications and work with our customers to achieve imaginative solutions. |
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| Sectional Tanks The Forbes sectional tank system is designed for building tanks up to 3 metres high using 1 metre square panels. A "half" panel to allow increments of 500mm in any dimension will shortly be added to the range. The tank walls are externally supported by galvanised steel box sections. Most tanks have closed tops, supported where necessary by lightweight internal plastic supports - In the case of open topped tanks it is usual to fit additional bracing across the top of the tank. The novel moulding process incorporates a number of advanced technical features which allow high quality panels to be produced in inexpensive moulds, without massice automated machinery. Not only are the panels themselves competively priced, the tanks are easy to assemble and are suitable for indoor or outdoor use. To view a larger image of the Sectional Tank on the left Click Here |
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| Sectional Tanks Leaflet The ideal answer for installations with difficult access. Forbes ranges of traditional onepiece tanks are now complememted with a high quality, affordable, easy to use, sectional tank system... |
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Sodium Hypochlorite StorageCONCERNS EXPRESSED ON THE BULK STORAGE OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE - AN AGGRESSIVE MATERIAL TO STORE IN BULKSodium hypochlorite solutions are very widely used within the water treatment industries and as a sterile bleach solution from the common domestic applications to the food industries to swimming pools. With the high levels of available chlorine, up to 15%, in a ?fresh? solution, many thousands of tonnes are consumed on a regular basis.Rubber or ebonite lined carbon steel tanks were used for bulk storage tanks until the introduction of the plastics materials in the 50?s, namely pressed unplasticised polyvinyl chloride sheet (UPVC) reinforced with glassfibre reinforced polyester resin (GRP). Due to the low cost and ease of manufacture during the 60?s, other thermoplastic materials were, and still are used. Despite these lower cost thermoplastics such as polyethylene, the recognised materials of construction for long-term storage of hypochlorite solutions has remained UPVC reinforced with GRP, this being proven by case histories of use in excess of 20 years. During the 60?s European interests followed the low cost all-thermoplastic tank developments with medium & high-density polyethylene (HDPE) being specified for the duty. Following a number of failures caused by environmental stress cracking, the major tank Design Standard, the German Merkblatt DVS 2205, omitted to list sodium hypochlorite within the Standard as a suitable application for polypropylene and HDPE. The relatively new far less stringent European Standard BS EN 12573 ? 2000 also omits sodium hypochlorite in the listings for the chemical factor. In the UK and other parts of the World this advice from the German manufacturers was ignored and many thousands of tanks were produced in polyethylenes of various types and methods of manufacture. It must be said at this stage, some tanks faired better than others. The length of service, before leakage, was seen to vary from 3 years to in excess of 9 years. Having looked at specific applications some tanks were very infrequently filled, thus the active available chlorine levels were considerably reduced due to the relatively unstable nature of hypochlorite solution. This may have given a false impression of the resistance to the concentrated ?fresh? solutions. During the period of the 70?s through to the 90?s, polyethylene was specified and used, with some manufacturers giving guarantees of up to 10 years. In many cases these guarantees were not followed up, as a number of tanks suffered leakage before this length of service was achieved, particularly on high usage facilities where ?fresh? hypochlorite solutions were always present. Environmental concernsWhilst some end users still specify HDPE for sodium hypochlorite, the German authorities do not permit the use of HDPE for storage tanks handling 15% sodium hypochlorite. Concern is expressed by the polymer manufacturers such as Basell and by the German national standards authority, TUV. The technical manager of the World?s leading polymer manufacturer - Basell has recently stated ?Parts made of Hostalen PE grades can be applied in contact with Sodium Hypochlorite at 30?C for 1 year and at 20?C for 4 years. After this time period we recommend to exchange the containers?.With the ever increase regulations designed to protect the environment and peoples? safety, the majority of manufacturers of chemical storage tanks in the UK no longer consider HDPE as a suitable material. Tanks manufactured in HDPE maybe considered for short term use as demonstrated by the statement above, however long term there is a very high liability placed not only on the manufacturer but also the specifier and the end user. Most installations have a design service life of 15 ? 20 years or more. From ?in service? experience this is not being achieved with tanks constructed or moulded in polyethylene. An alternative material of construction to UPVC / GRP which gives the required service life is a vinylester laminate. During the 60?s the Americans developed vinylester resin systems, which proved to be highly resistant to chlorine environments such as 15% available chlorine hypochlorite solutions. Save costs but increase your liabilityFollowing the material manufacturers? recommendations and the experiences in the field, it is evident that for long term storage of high concentrations of sodium hypochlorite either UPVC reinforced with GRP or a full post cured vinylester GRP laminate are the only safe options to be considered. Unfortunately many specifiers are persuaded to opt for the much lower cost option of an all polyethylene thermoplastic tank, often quite innocently as the manufacturer states an expected service life in excess of 10 years. In many instances these guarantees are not implemented due to being lost in the ?mists of time?.Further complicationsMany of the drinking water treatment plants now incorporate chlorine injection into the water supply using on-site generated sodium hypochlorite. This solution is produced on a continuous basis from a brine solution, which is passed through an eletrocatalytic cell producing a low strength solution with a low pH. These solutions are often quoted as 0.8% - 1% strength sodium hypochlorite. Due to the low pH (approximately pH 9 ? conventional hypochlorite is stabilised with caustic soda with a minimum pH 13), the chlorine content is highly aggressive. Traditionally chemical grade pressed UPVC reinforced with GRP has given good service. This highly aggressive material can accelerate the problems of stress cracking seen in polyethylenes. Even the vinylesters successfully used for the conventional hypochlorite storage tank can be attacked if a specially formulated system is not incorporated and fully post cured in an oven at 90 degrees Centigrade for 10 hours.ConclusionCaution must be exercised when specifying bulk storage tanks for sodium hypochlorite solutions. The liabilities generated by potential leakage or catastrophic failure are now so onerous, that engineers and end users must be confident they are receiving the correct advice. Whilst cost considerations must play a part in the selection of a hypochlorite storage tank, medium to long term safety must be paramount in the mind of the specifier, end user & the manufacturer. |
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| Special Fabrications Special Fabrications division of Forbes fabricates very varied items from large GRP structures to small thermoplastic components. Having a metal fabrication facility, Forbes can also incorporate carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminium, Hastalloy and Titanium components & structures. Pictured above. One of 7 process tanks used in the manufacture of battery plates for Bulgaria. Manufactured in PVDF/FRP to operate up to 100 deg C with sulphuric acid. |
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| Rectangular Tanks A Waste Sump Tank Fabricated in thick polypropylene material for waste acids including hydrochloric and nitric acid. Electrowinning Cells In polypropylene for the recovery of gold and other precious metals from "tailings" waste material from gold mining sites. Special Filter Tank Operating under vacum to assist in removing sediment from a pharmaceutical solution. Manufactured in polypropylene which is FDA approved and is non toxic, non taint. |
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| Various Designs 3m Diameter Liquid Distributor For a gas scrubbing tower. Fabricated in polypropylene. Similar items are fabricated in PVDF and ECTFE for aggressive duties. Pouring Nozzles In polypropylene used for pouring acrylic liquid polymer between glass plates in the manufacture of perspex. The lips are sprung for self sealing. Tens of thousands have been supplied over the past 30 years to plants around the world. |
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| Steelwork A dedicated factory producing ancillary steel fabrications mainly for use with our storage tanks and fume scrubbing equipment. Items produced include: ? Access ladders ? Access stairways ? Walkway platforms ? Hand railing ? Skids ? Tank support platforms ? Mixer support bridges ? All types of brackets Items are fabricated from carbon steel (finished galvanised to BS 729 or primed & painted as required), stainless steel or aluminium as necessary. Please talk to Forbes for expert advice and assistance with any aspect of your installation or to arrange a free no obligation consultation at your site. |
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| Storage Tanks |
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| Stripping Towers VOCs, once in the ground, can be present for a very long time. Even when they reach an aquifer, the speed of flow is often measured in just a few minutes per year. Contaminationmay be found by chance in springs and wells or when dewatering construction sites. Or it may be surveyed and quantified when pollution, recent or long past, is known to have occurred. The necessity for remediation is most immediate where a spring or well is needed for use, or where excavation water is too polluted to be disposed of without treatment. Stripping by packed tower aeration offers an effective and economical approach to many VOC contamination scenarios and Forbes has considerable experience in the design and fabrication of stripping installations. Please click on the thumbnail below to download our leaflet. |
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| Stripping Towers Relatively high levels of many organic contaminants can be reduced to well below WHO target levels by the stripping process which employs specially designed packed columns with new high-efficiency packing systems. VOCs commonly found include halogenated hydro-carbons and aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and zylene (BTEX compounds), and petroleum. Many of these have been identified as carcinogens and regulations now restrict their presence in potable water supplies to 'no discernable traces'. Activated carbon adsorption is a well established process to counter VOC contamination but the carbon is expensive and may need frequent regeneration. Air stripping is a highly cost effective alternative to adsorption. Energy consumption is normally modest and maintenance costs in typical installations are minimal. Stripping will typically reduce levels of 100mg'l to 5mg/l or below and the water can then be finally 'polished' with activated carbon. The carbon beds are thus protected from high levels of contaminant and will have a greatly extended life. |
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| Stripping Towers Leaflet The contamination of groundwater by Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is an increasing problem. Groundwater cannot clean itself as quickly as rivers and lakes which, by and large, are able to get back to normal within quite a short time frame once the pollution has stopped. Stripping by packe tower aeration offers an effective and economical approach to many VOC contamination scenarios and Forbes has considerable experience in the design and fabricaton of stripping installations. |
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| Technical Leaflets To download our Technical Leaflets click on the More Info Button and download from the more detailed view. Please Note: To be able to access the PDF files you have to have a valid user account. |
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| Bulk Tank Vent Scrubbers Leaflet Standard systems designed to minimise environmental nuisance from the storage and handling of fuming chemicals. These scrubbers are most often used to counter the release of fumes during the storage and handling of ammonia and hydrochloric acid. These standard models are adaptable for other applications and we can supply custom-designed scrubbers.... |
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| CO² Degassers Leaflet Forbes Degassers are well proven as an efficient, reliable and cost-effective approach to reducing the problem of dissolved CO² during water treatment... |
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| Dual Laminates Leaflet "Dual Laminate" GRP combines the outstanding strength of GRP with the high chemical resistance of a thermoplastics inner shell. |
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| Enviromental Technologies Leaflet Our work in environmental fields is centred on the applicaton of mass transfer technology applied to the abatement of air and water-borne pollution. From the process design by our chemical engineering team through manufacture, installation and commissioning we are always conscious of the need to work to the highest standards... |
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| MiniBulk® Chemical Storage Systems Leaflet MINIBULK® systems allow users to take delivery by low pressure discharge (up to 14 psi) from tankers or lorry-mounted IBCs with the minimum of danger and with no rental or cleaning charges... |
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| Odour Control Systems Leaflet Forbes design engineers have extensive experience of odour control and are able to advise on the most appropriate system from a range of in-house technologies. The principle solutions we offer include wet chemical, biological and activated carbon systems... |
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| Products Complying with Regulation 25(1)a (Now Regulation 31) The Forbes Group has for many years supplied the water industry with a wide range of high specification products, including storage tanks for watr, sludge, effluent and chemicals, dosing tanks, salt saturators, fume and odour scrubbing systems and stripping towers in plastics materials. Even with our long track record in making products to WRAS specifications, the introduction of the new Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations means having to meet even higher standards. |
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| Salt Saturators Leaflet Forbes salt saturators provide a constant controllable supply of saturated brine solution. They are fabricated on advanced, largely automatic, machinery using GRP materials fully approved tothe stringent requirements of the Water Research Council (Wrc)... |
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| Sectional Tanks Leaflet The ideal answer for installations with difficult access. Forbes ranges of traditional onepiece tanks are now complememted with a high quality, affordable, easy to use, sectional tank system... |
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| Stripping Towers Leaflet The contamination of groundwater by Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is an increasing problem. Groundwater cannot clean itself as quickly as rivers and lakes which, by and large, are able to get back to normal within quite a short time frame once the pollution has stopped. Stripping by packe tower aeration offers an effective and economical approach to many VOC contamination scenarios and Forbes has considerable experience in the design and fabricaton of stripping installations. |
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| Tanks, Vessels & Silos Leaflet Although light and easy to handle, the substantial strength achievable with GRP permits structures to be designed with integral steelwork such as ladders, handrailing, platforms and bridges... |
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| Thermoplastic Tanks Leaflet Exceptional corrosion resistance, lack of taint, ease of transport and installation, durability, minimal maintenance - the merits of Forbes plastics tanks are now recognised in virtually every industry. |
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| TUF Pumpset Leaflet Risk assessments by works safety officers are increasingly concluding that bulk consignments of hazardous chemicals such as concentrated acids should change from pressurised to pumped discharge. With Forbes pumpsets, safe working is now easy and economical. Corrosion free, maintenance free and controllable... |
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| Turnkey and On-Site Services Forbes offers a full range of on-site services to suit all budgets from the simple offloading and positioning of tanks and equipment to a full project managed turnkey service... |
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| Versatile Technology for Fume and Odour Control Leaflet CARASOL® adsorbents are a range of natural, harmless but potent granular materials produced fromwaste derived from the food industry. They are very versatile, able to scrub a wide variety of volatile contaminants and are clean and easy to dispose of after use and have the added advantagefo impeccable environmental credentials... |
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| Thermoplastic Tanks The acceptance of plastics materials by engineers was initially cautious but steady, yet plastics tanks are now so widely used that they now set the standards against which performance is judged. Exceptional corrosion resistance, lack of taint, ease of transport and installation, durability, minimal maintenance ? the merits of Forbes Plastics tanks are now recognised in virtually every industry. Forbes has always been committed to testing and researching new materials and new technologies and has recently invested over ?300,000.00 in large factory extension enabling the latest automated manufacturing equipment to be installed to ensure that we continue to offer our customers the most appropriate products for their needs at the best value. Forbes standard VT ranges offer superb chemical resistance. They are fabricated using either Polypropylene or high density Polyethylene which meet the requirements of the WRc or FDA. Polypropylene is also available to comply with the more stringent requirements of the DWI ? please ask for details. All tanks are designed to the latest standards (either BS EN 12573 or DVS 2205) and are available fabricated using either black coloured material (which is fully UV stabilised and suitable for outdoor or indoor installations ? unlike some other coloured polypropylene) or natural translucent white material (which is suitable for indoor installations only ? not available in HDPE). The VTF range is available with either an open top (with or without a cover) or with an enclosed top with an access manway. The design assumes a nominal SG of 1.2, ambient operating temperature and atmospheric operating pressure (other operating conditions can of course be accommodated). Alternative larger tanks up to 60M³ capacity and non standard sizes are now available). PLEASE ASK US TO QUOTE AGAINST YOUR SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS. Please click on the relevant thumbnail below for specific details of each of the VT ranges. |
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| Products Complying with Regulation 25(1)a (Now Regulation 31) The Forbes Group has for many years supplied the water industry with a wide range of high specification products, including storage tanks for watr, sludge, effluent and chemicals, dosing tanks, salt saturators, fume and odour scrubbing systems and stripping towers in plastics materials. Even with our long track record in making products to WRAS specifications, the introduction of the new Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations means having to meet even higher standards. |
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| Thermoplastic Tanks Leaflet Exceptional corrosion resistance, lack of taint, ease of transport and installation, durability, minimal maintenance - the merits of Forbes plastics tanks are now recognised in virtually every industry. |
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| VTC Range Designed for the most economical use of sheet materials, the Forbes VT range of preferred sizes offers flat bottomed plastic tanks from 225 to 4,500 litres capacity. The alternative VTC range offers a conical base with integral skirt to give complete drainage from a central outlet connection (which is usually piped to a side mounted outlet connection. Alternative larger tanks up to 60M³ capacity and non standard sizes are now available. PLEASE ASK US TO QUOTE AGAINST YOUR SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS. |
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| VTF Range Designed for the most economical use of sheet materials, the Forbes VTF range of preferred sizes offers flat based plastic tanks from 225 to 9,000 litres capacity. The flat base offers the most economic construction configuration. Alternative larger tanks up to 60M³ capacity and non standard sizes are now available. PLEASE ASK US TO QUOTE AGAINST YOUR SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS. |
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| VTS Range Designed for the most economical use of sheet materials, the Forbes VT range of preferred sizes offers flat based plastic tanks from 225 to 6,750 litres capacity. The alternative VTS range offers a sloping base with integral skirt to give almost complete drainage from a side mounted outlet connection. Alternative larger tanks up to 60M³ capacity and non standard sizes are now available. PLEASE ASK US TO QUOTE AGAINST YOUR SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS. |
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| TUF Pumpset The Forbes TUF Pumpset is designed to alleviate many of the problems associated with conventional methods used for deliveries of hazardous chemicals into static storage vessels ? usually completed by pressurising a road tanker barrel. Risk assessments by safety officers are increasingly concluding that bulk consignments of hazardous chemicals such as concentrated acids should change from pressurised to pumped discharge. Growing awareness of the hazards of pressurised working has focused attention on Health and Safety and environmental considerations, in particular the need for thorough (and more costly) scrubbing of the ?pad air? as the last of the liquid passes into the storage tank. Significantly the whole principle of pressurising hazardous chemicals is causing concern to those with responsibility for safety - and EU directives could be interpreted that storage tanks receiving pressurised deliveries may be classified as pressure vessels. With Forbes TUF Pumpsets, safe working is now easy and economical. Corrosion free, maintenance free and controllable, the message must be - TO BE SAFE, GET TUF! CORROSION FREE, MAINTENANCE FREE The Forbes TUF pumpset has a nominal pump capacity of 23 cubic metres per hour (13m head, SG1.18). It is built to a high specification, using polypropylene pipework throughout with a sealed glandless magnetic drive pump unit. Leaking seals and the maintenance problems traditionally associated with pumpsets are virtually eliminated. All Forbes pumpsets are provided with automatic shut off to protect from damage due to dry running. |
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| TUF Pumpset Leaflet Risk assessments by works safety officers are increasingly concluding that bulk consignments of hazardous chemicals such as concentrated acids should change from pressurised to pumped discharge. With Forbes pumpsets, safe working is now easy and economical. Corrosion free, maintenance free and controllable... |
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| Turnkey & On Site Services Forbes offers a full range of on-site services to suit all budgets from the simple offloading and positioning of tanks and equipment to a full project managed turnkey services. Our fully trained and widely experienced site work engineers are supported by dedicated managers who automatically produce risk assessments and method statements as an integral part of our services. Our 'in house' chemical engineering and project management capabilities can design and manage small to medium sized projects from concept to commissioning. In addition we also offer ongoing inspection and maintenance services as required. Please talk to Forbes for expert advice and assistance with any aspect of your installation or to arrange a free no obligation consultation at your site. We can help in the following areas: ? Conceptual Design ? Process Design ? Engineering Design ? Manufacture ? Installation ? Commissioning ? Validation ? After Sales Support |
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| Turnkey and On-Site Services Forbes offers a full range of on-site services to suit all budgets from the simple offloading and positioning of tanks and equipment to a full project managed turnkey service... |
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| Wet Scrubbers Wet Scrubbing Wetted packed towers are the simplest and most commonly used approaches to gas scrubbing. The principle of this type of scrubber is to remove contaminants from the gas stream by passing the stream through a packed structure which provides a large wetted surface area to induce intimate contact between the gas and the scrubbing liquor. the contaminant is absorbed into or reacted with the scrubbing liquor. The packing of the tower is normally a proprietary loose fill random packing designed to encourage dispersion of the liquid flow without tracking, to provide maximum contact area for the 'mass transfer' interaction and to offer minimal back pressure to the gas flow. The reactivity between the contaminant and the scrubbing liquor influences the system designer's determination of gas and liquor flow and the height and diameter of the packed bed. A demister is fitted at the top of the tower to prevent entrainment of droplets of the scrubbing liquor into the extraction system or stack. Wetted packed towers can be designed for very high efficiencies with relatively low capital and running costs. The low pressure drop associated with packed bed scrubbers permits the use of smaller more economical fans. Although efficiency may be affected, a packed tower will usually function when gas or liquor flows vary from its original design parameters. |
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| Enviromental Technologies Leaflet Our work in environmental fields is centred on the applicaton of mass transfer technology applied to the abatement of air and water-borne pollution. From the process design by our chemical engineering team through manufacture, installation and commissioning we are always conscious of the need to work to the highest standards... |
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| Fluidised Bed Scrubbing In a fluidised bed scrubber the typical single bed of a packed tower structure is replaced by two or more shallow beds, and the high surface area angular packings are replaced by hollow ellipsoids which are ?fluidised? by the gas stream. This is relatively fast moving when compared to the velocity of the gas flow through a packed tower. The residence time of the gas in the tower is thus rather less than in a packed tower but this tends to be compensated by the higher mass transfer induced by the gas turbulence in the ?fluidised? packings. Fluidised bed scrubbers are not normally used for odour control because of the short residence time of the gas flow within the tower. A prime advantage of the fluidised bed is that the mobility of the packings minimises the aggregation of particulates and insoluble depositions. Very small particulates, 8µm and below, will however tend to pass through a fluidised bed. With the higher gas velocity the tower diameter can be narrower and more compact unit designed. Additional costs are, however, incurred with more expensive packing, the complexity of the structure, and the capital outlay and running costs of larger fans. The efficient function of the fluidised bed depends on the velocity of the gas stream being maintained between specified minimum and maximum levels ? and this would typically be a narrower range than a packed tower. |
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| Typical Wet Scrubber Packed Bed Wetted packed towers are the simplest and most commonly used approaches to gas scrubbing. The principle of this type of scrubber is to remove contaminants from the gas stream by passing the stream through a packed structure which provides a large wetted surface area to induce intimate contact between the gas and the scrubbing liquor. the contaminant is absorbed into or reacted with the scrubbing liquor. The packing of the tower is normally a proprietary loose fill random packing designed to encourage dispersion of the liquid flow without tracking, to provide maximum contact area for the 'mass transfer' interaction and to offer minimal back pressure to the gas flow. The reactivity between the contaminant and the scrubbing liquor influences the system designer's determination of gas and liquor flow and the height and diameter of the packed bed. |
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| Venturi Scrubber Venturi scrubbing is a most effective technique for the removal of particulates from a gas stream, even down to sub-micron size. Scrubbing liquor and gas stream are brought together in turbulent contact within the venturi throat and the particulates are forced into the atomised liquor. Venturi scrubbing may be adequate to handle some more reactive contaminants but to reduce fumes to acceptable levels it may be necessary to effect further treatment using a packed tower scrubber. Combination units incorporating both types of scrubber using a common sump are most practical in some circumstances. Venturi scrubbing is typically a cost effective and efficient approach to removing particulates. |
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